{"id":19362,"date":"2025-06-24T21:01:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T21:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.watanserb.com\/en\/?p=19362"},"modified":"2025-06-24T21:01:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T21:01:36","slug":"israels-war-with-iran-tests-international-law-amid-civilian-targeting-concerns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.watanserb.com\/en\/2025\/06\/24\/israels-war-with-iran-tests-international-law-amid-civilian-targeting-concerns\/","title":{"rendered":"Israel\u2019s War with Iran Tests International Law Amid Civilian Targeting Concerns"},"content":{"rendered":"

Watan<\/strong><\/em>-The war with Iran has proven dramatically different from Israel\u2019s recent military confrontations\u2014not just due to the long-range missile attacks and significant damage on Israel\u2019s home front, but because for the first time in decades, Israel is fighting a sovereign state, with defined borders, a formal army, and clear separation between civilian and military infrastructure.<\/p>\n

A legal-security source remarked:\u201cUnlike Gaza or Lebanon, where legal complexity arises from civilian-military entanglement, targeting Iranian military bases poses fewer legal dilemmas since civilians aren\u2019t present there.\u201d<\/p>\n

However, international law experts caution against such black-and-white interpretations. The controversy peaked when Israel bombed Iran\u2019s state broadcasting headquarters in Tehran last week.\u201cA television station, even if used for propaganda, is not a legitimate military target,\u201d said Prof. Eliav Lieblich of Tel Aviv University.<\/p>\n

He noted that Israel also has media outlets that broadcast inflammatory rhetoric. Even if military use is alleged, the stated reason\u2014propaganda broadcasting\u2014raises legal doubts, Lieblich argued.<\/p>\n

Legality and Proportionality in War<\/h3>\n

Dr. Tamar Megiddo, international law professor at the Hebrew University, emphasized that context and proportionality are key. Even if a media outlet has a military function, civilian harm must not outweigh the military advantage, and precautionary measures must be taken.<\/p>\n

This principle, she said, applies equally to all parties, regardless of prior violations by the enemy.\u201cEven if a hospital is misused for military purposes, attacking it still requires adherence to strict humanitarian standards,\u201d Megiddo explained.<\/p>\n

The Israeli army claims to issue warnings to civilians before strikes on dual-use sites, including in Gaza and Lebanon. However, legal questions remain, particularly around target legitimacy.<\/p>\n

Israel has targeted senior Iranian officials, including scientists involved in the nuclear program. But international law restricts legitimate targets to combatants or those directly participating in hostilities.\u201cMerely developing weapons does not make one a lawful target,\u201d Prof. Lieblich said.<\/p>\n

He acknowledged Israel likely has internal legal justifications, but warned these are not widely accepted and may endanger Israeli academic and military institutions.<\/p>\n

\"Israeli
The Israeli army claims to issue warnings to civilians before strikes on dual-use sites, including in Gaza and Lebanon. However, legal questions remain, particularly around target legitimacy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Civilian Infrastructure and Gray Zones<\/h3>\n

Neither Israel nor Iran is a member of the International Criminal Court (ICC), making ICC intervention unlikely. However, universal jurisdiction could be applied by other countries for war crimes committed during the conflict.<\/p>\n

Following an Israeli strike on Iranian energy infrastructure in southern Fars province, experts questioned the legality of attacking gas fields without clear evidence of military use.<\/p>\n

\u201cGas fields are civilian by default,\u201d Megiddo stressed, \u201cand require justification and proportionality if targeted.\u201d<\/p>\n

There have also been unconfirmed reports of hospital strikes in Iran, including the ballistic missile hit on Soroka Medical Center in Israel. Legal experts emphasize that reprisals against civilian targets are absolutely prohibited, regardless of enemy violations.<\/p>\n

\u201cWar crimes are not reciprocal,\u201d Megiddo reminded. \u201cEvery party must uphold humanitarian law even if the other side breaks it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCivilians Will Pay\u201d \u2014 A Dangerous Message<\/h3>\n

Tensions escalated after Israeli Defense Minister Yisrael Katz said in response to Iranian rocket attacks:\u201cThe residents of Tehran will pay the price\u2014soon.\u201d<\/p>\n

Though he later clarified he did not mean physical harm, but rather displacement from areas near military targets, Prof. Lieblich warned that such statements mirror Israel\u2019s controversial conduct during the Gaza war and could fuel legal action at global forums.<\/p>\n

Dr. Megiddo was more blunt:\u201cThere\u2019s no justification for targeting civilians in retaliation. It\u2019s a war crime\u2014and any order to do so is blatantly illegal.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Tensions
Israeli Minister Yisrael Katz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Strategic and Legal Stakes<\/h3>\n

The Israeli government\u2019s official stance, according to Deputy Legal Adviser Dr. Gil-Ad Noam, frames the war as part of a long-running armed conflict, involving Iran\u2019s proxies like Hamas and Hezbollah. He argues that Iran\u2019s direct attacks in 2024 gave Israel the right to defend itself.<\/p>\n

But Prof. Lieblich counters:\u201cEven if you argue an ongoing war since October 7, any expansion must pass the proportionality test. Whether Iran controls its proxies enough to justify these strikes remains highly contested.\u201d<\/p>\n

He concluded:\u201cEven if Israel believes its war is justified, the legal consensus is far from settled. This debate will last for years.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bottom line:Israel\u2019s war with Iran presents a clearer battlefield but murkier legal terrain. As strikes extend to infrastructure, academics, and urban centers, international law faces its hardest test yet in the Middle East\u2019s evolving warfare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Watan-The war with Iran has proven dramatically different from Israel\u2019s recent military confrontations\u2014not just due to the long-range missile attacks and significant damage on Israel\u2019s home front, but because for the first time in decades, Israel is fighting a sovereign state, with defined borders, a formal army, and clear separation between civilian and military infrastructure. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19363,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[6054,3997,738],"class_list":["post-19362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports","tag-israel-iran-war","tag-israeli-war-crimes","tag-the-gaza-strip"],"yoast_head":"\nIsrael\u2019s War with Iran Tests International Law Amid Civilian Targeting Concerns - Watan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Israel\u2019s ongoing 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